From PMS to PMDD, here’s a clear look at the emotional and physical changes women experience throughout their menstrual cycle
By Mapaballo Borotho
You’ve probably heard the term pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS) in conversations about the menstrual cycle, but what does it actually mean?
PMS refers to a range of physical and emotional symptoms that many women experience in the days leading up to their period.
These can include bloating, cravings, fatigue, and mood swings.
For some, the impact goes beyond physical discomfort. Emotional changes such as sudden sadness, irritability or unexplained anger can also occur, often linked to hormonal fluctuations during this time.
In more severe cases, some women experience premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), which is a chronic condition that requires proper medical attention and treatment.
PMDD symptoms are intense and can significantly disrupt daily life, affecting work, relationships, and overall functioning.
Experts say lifestyle adjustments can help manage symptoms. According to Minister of Menstruation Candice Chirwa, helpful changes include maintaining a balanced diet, exercising regularly, being mindful of your environment, and consuming positive, supportive content. In some cases, medication may also be necessary.
Research suggests that PMDD may be linked to an abnormal response to normal hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle.
These shifts can affect serotonin levels – a natural chemical in the brain that plays a key role in regulating mood.
Typically, PMDD symptoms begin about a week before menstruation and ease a few days after a period starts.
Unlike standard PMS, the severity of PMDD can make it difficult to carry out everyday tasks.
Understanding these changes is key, not just for those experiencing them, but for those around them too.
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